Short communication | Open access | J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther. 2025; 1(4): 1-11

Pharmacological insights and therapeutic advances of mangiferin against various pathological conditions in liver diseases.

Naomi Mayo ₊

Hannah Cantrell

Abstract

Currently, liver diseases have become a serious global health issue, and this situation occurs due to the exposure of the liver to different agents, such as chemicals, alcohol, viruses, and autoimmune diseases. Mangiferin is a natural bioactive xanthone C-glycoside compound and a potent antioxidant that is widely found in medicinal plants such as the leaves of Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae). It possesses a wide range of biological properties, such as antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic activities. The purpose of this literature review was to delineate the hepatoprotective effects of mangiferin, a natural bioactive compound without side effects, and explain how it protects the liver via the suppression of pathological conditions involved in liver diseases. Relevant published research articles from peer-reviewed journals were searched in PubMed and Google Scholar to gain insights into the consequences of mangiferin in liver diseases. Several studies have suggested that pretreatment with mangiferin decreases hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, fibrosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and hepatic dysfunction and concomitantly ameliorates the morphological structures of the liver. Therefore, mangiferin could be considered a multitarget therapeutic and promising drug candidate for the treatment of hepatic diseases, although a detailed mechanistic explanation needs to be provided. This literature review highlights the pathological conditions (inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, ER stress) associated with liver diseases as well as the hepatoprotective and therapeutic effects of mangiferin in the liver.

Keywords

Enim

dicta

obcaecati

INTRODUCTION

Mast cells are(Figure-1) mobile secretory cells with a variety of biological tasks such as phagocytosis, processing of antigens,[1] cytokine production, and the release of both newly formed and preexisting physiological mediators. This study aimed to investigate and establish the relationship between mast cells and various stages of periodontal diseases. A total of 36 soft tissue samples, 12 each of normal healthy periodontal, dental plaque periodontitis, and chronic periodontitis were selected. Samples were collected from patients with periodontal surgery in chronic periodontitis and plaque periodontitis. Samples were stained with 1% toluidine blue (TB), immunohistochemistry for CD117 expression, and observed under a light microscope for the presence of mast cells. All data were analyzed using SPSS. The mast cells were found to be highest in the chronic periodontitis group, followed by the dental plaque periodontitis group, as compared to the healthy periodontal group. The quantitative study of mast cells using TB staining showed statistically significant differences among the three groups. However, the results showed no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of CD117 in the plaque periodontitis and healthy periodontal group but showed a statistically significant difference between chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontal group. Thus, an increase in mast cells in human periodontal diseases suggests that these cells are crucial for developing chronic periodontitis.Mast cells are mobile secretory cells with a variety of biological tasks such as phagocytosis, processing of antigens, cytokine production, and the release of both newly formed and preexisting physiological mediators. This study aimed to investigate and establish the relationship between mast cells and various stages of periodontal diseases. A total of 36 soft tissue samples, 12 each of normal healthy periodontal, dental plaque periodontitis, and chronic periodontitis were selected. Samples were collected from patients with periodontal surgery in chronic periodontitis and plaque periodontitis. Samples were stained with 1% toluidine blue (TB), immunohistochemistry for CD117 expression, and observed under a light microscope for the presence of mast cells. All data were analyzed using SPSS. The mast cells were found to be highest in the chronic periodontitis group, followed by the dental plaque periodontitis group, as compared to the healthy periodontal group. The quantitative study of mast cells using TB staining showed statistically significant differences among the three groups. However, the results showed no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of CD117 in the plaque periodontitis and healthy periodontal group but showed a statistically significant difference between chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontal group. Thus, an increase in mast cells in human periodontal diseases suggests that these cells are crucial for developing chronic periodontitis.Mast cells are mobile secretory cells with a variety of biological tasks such as phagocytosis, processing of antigens, cytokine production, and the release of both newly formed and preexisting physiological mediators. This study aimed to investigate and establish the relationship between mast cells and various stages of periodontal diseases. A total of 36 soft tissue samples, 12 each of normal healthy periodontal, dental plaque periodontitis, and chronic periodontitis were selected. Samples were collected from patients with periodontal surgery in chronic periodontitis and plaque periodontitis. Samples were stained with 1% toluidine blue (TB), immunohistochemistry for CD117 expression, and observed under a light microscope for the presence of mast cells. All data were analyzed using SPSS. The mast cells were found to be highest in the chronic periodontitis group, followed by the dental plaque periodontitis group, as compared to the healthy periodontal group. The quantitative study of mast cells using TB staining showed statistically significant differences among the three groups. However, the results showed no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of CD117 in the plaque periodontitis and healthy periodontal group but showed a statistically significant difference between chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontal group. Thus, an increase in mast cells in human periodontal diseases suggests that these cells are crucial for developing chronic periodontitis.

However, the results showed no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of CD117 in the plaque periodontitis and healthy periodontal group but showed a statistically significant difference between chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontal group. Thus, an increase in mast cells in human periodontal diseases suggests that these cells are crucial for developing chronic periodontitis.Mast cells are mobile secretory cells with a variety of biological tasks such as phagocytosis, processing of antigens, cytokine production, and the release of both newly formed and preexisting physiological mediators. This study aimed to investigate and establish the relationship between mast cells and various stages of periodontal diseases. A total of 36 soft tissue samples, 12 each of normal healthy periodontal, dental plaque periodontitis, and chronic periodontitis were selected. Samples were collected from patients with periodontal surgery in chronic periodontitis and plaque periodontitis. Samples were stained with 1% toluidine blue (TB), immunohistochemistry for CD117 expression, and observed under a light microscope for the presence of mast cells. All data were analyzed using SPSS. The mast cells were found to be highest in the chronic periodontitis group, followed by the dental plaque periodontitis group, as compared to the healthy periodontal group. The quantitative study of mast cells using TB staining showed statistically significant differences among the three groups. However, the results showed no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of CD117 in the plaque periodontitis and healthy periodontal group but showed a statistically significant difference between chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontal group. Thus, an increase in mast cells in human periodontal diseases suggests that these cells are crucial for developing chronic periodontitis.Mast cells are mobile secretory cells with a variety of biological tasks such as phagocytosis, processing of antigens, cytokine production, and the release of both newly formed and preexisting physiological mediators. This study aimed to investigate and establish the relationship between mast cells and various stages of periodontal diseases. A total of 36 soft tissue samples, 12 each of normal healthy periodontal, dental plaque periodontitis, and chronic periodontitis were selected. Samples were collected from patients with periodontal surgery in chronic periodontitis and plaque periodontitis. Samples were stained with 1% toluidine blue (TB), immunohistochemistry for CD117 expression, and observed under a light microscope for the presence of mast cells. All data were analyzed using SPSS. The mast cells were found to be highest in the chronic periodontitis group, followed by the dental plaque periodontitis group, as compared to the healthy periodontal group. The quantitative study of mast cells using TB staining showed statistically significant differences among the three groups. However, the results showed no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of CD117 in the plaque periodontitis and healthy periodontal group but showed a statistically significant difference between chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontal group. Thus, an increase in mast cells in human periodontal diseases suggests that these cells are crucial for developing chronic periodontitis.However, the results showed no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of CD117 in the plaque periodontitis and healthy periodontal group but showed a statistically significant difference between chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontal group. Thus, an increase in mast cells in human periodontal diseases suggests that these cells are crucial for developing chronic periodontitis.Mast cells are mobile secretory cells with a variety of biological tasks such as phagocytosis, processing of antigens, cytokine production, and the release of both newly formed and preexisting physiological mediators. This study aimed to investigate and establish the relationship between mast cells and various stages of periodontal diseases. A total of 36 soft tissue samples, 12 each of normal healthy periodontal, dental plaque periodontitis, and chronic periodontitis were selected. Samples were collected from patients with periodontal surgery in chronic periodontitis and plaque periodontitis. Samples were stained with 1% toluidine blue (TB), immunohistochemistry for CD117 expression, and observed under a light microscope for the presence of mast cells. All data were analyzed using SPSS. The mast cells were found to be highest in the chronic periodontitis group, followed by the dental plaque periodontitis group, as compared to the healthy periodontal group. The quantitative study of mast cells using TB staining showed statistically significant differences among the three groups. However, the results showed no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of CD117 in the plaque periodontitis and healthy periodontal group but showed a statistically significant difference between chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontal group. Thus, an increase in mast cells in human periodontal diseases suggests that these cells are crucial for developing chronic periodontitis.Mast cells are mobile secretory cells with a variety of biological tasks such as phagocytosis, processing of antigens, cytokine production, and the release of both newly formed and preexisting physiological mediators. This study aimed to investigate and establish the relationship between mast cells and various stages of periodontal diseases. A total of 36 soft tissue samples, 12 each of normal healthy periodontal, dental plaque periodontitis, and chronic periodontitis were selected. Samples were collected from patients with periodontal surgery in chronic periodontitis and plaque periodontitis. Samples were stained with 1% toluidine blue (TB), immunohistochemistry for CD117 expression, and observed under a light microscope for the presence of mast cells. All data were analyzed using SPSS. The mast cells were found to be highest in the chronic periodontitis group, followed by the dental plaque periodontitis group, as compared to the healthy periodontal group. The quantitative study of mast cells using TB staining showed statistically significant differences among the three groups. However, the results showed no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of CD117 in the plaque periodontitis and healthy periodontal group but showed a statistically significant difference between chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontal group. Thus, an increase in mast cells in human periodontal diseases suggests that these cells are crucial for developing chronic periodontitis.However, the results showed no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of CD117 in the plaque periodontitis and healthy periodontal group but showed a statistically significant difference between chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontal group. Thus, an increase in mast cells in human periodontal diseases suggests that these cells are crucial for developing chronic periodontitis.Mast cells are mobile secretory cells with a variety of biological tasks such as phagocytosis, processing of antigens, cytokine production, and the release of both newly formed and preexisting physiological mediators. This study aimed to investigate and establish the relationship between mast cells and various stages of periodontal diseases. A total of 36 soft tissue samples, 12 each of normal healthy periodontal, dental plaque periodontitis, and chronic periodontitis were selected. Samples were collected from patients with periodontal surgery in chronic periodontitis and plaque periodontitis. Samples were stained with 1% toluidine blue (TB), immunohistochemistry for CD117 expression, and observed under a light microscope for the presence of mast cells. All data were analyzed using SPSS. The mast cells were found to be highest in the chronic periodontitis group, followed by the dental plaque periodontitis group, as compared to the healthy periodontal group. The quantitative study of mast cells using TB staining showed statistically significant differences among the three groups. However, the results showed no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of CD117 in the plaque periodontitis and healthy periodontal group but showed a statistically significant difference between chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontal group. Thus, an increase in mast cells in human periodontal diseases suggests that these cells are crucial for developing chronic periodontitis.Mast cells are mobile secretory cells with a variety of biological tasks such as phagocytosis, processing of antigens, cytokine production, and the release of both newly formed and preexisting physiological mediators. This study aimed to investigate and establish the relationship between mast cells and various stages of periodontal diseases. A total of 36 soft tissue samples, 12 each of normal healthy periodontal, dental plaque periodontitis, and chronic periodontitis were selected. Samples were collected from patients with periodontal surgery in chronic periodontitis and plaque periodontitis. Samples were stained with 1% toluidine blue (TB), immunohistochemistry for CD117 expression, and observed under a light microscope for the presence of mast cells. All data were analyzed using SPSS. The mast cells were found to be highest in the chronic periodontitis group, followed by the dental plaque periodontitis group, as compared to the healthy periodontal group. The quantitative study of mast cells using TB staining showed statistically significant differences among the three groups. However, the results showed no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of CD117 in the plaque periodontitis and healthy periodontal group but showed a statistically significant difference between chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontal group. Thus, an increase in mast cells in human periodontal diseases suggests that these cells are crucial for developing chronic periodontitis.However, the results showed no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of CD117 in the plaque periodontitis and healthy periodontal group but showed a statistically significant difference between chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontal group. Thus, an increase in mast cells in human periodontal diseases suggests that these cells are crucial for developing chronic periodontitis.Mast cells are mobile secretory cells with a variety of biological tasks such as phagocytosis, processing of antigens, cytokine production, and the release of both newly formed and preexisting physiological mediators. This study aimed to investigate and establish the relationship between mast cells and various stages of periodontal diseases. A total of 36 soft tissue samples, 12 each of normal healthy periodontal, dental plaque periodontitis, and chronic periodontitis were selected. Samples were collected from patients with periodontal surgery in chronic periodontitis and plaque periodontitis. Samples were stained with 1% toluidine blue (TB), immunohistochemistry for CD117 expression, and observed under a light microscope for the presence of mast cells. All data were analyzed using SPSS. The mast cells were found to be highest in the chronic periodontitis group, followed by the dental plaque periodontitis group, as compared to the healthy periodontal group. The quantitative study of mast cells using TB staining showed statistically significant differences among the three groups. However, the results showed no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of CD117 in the plaque periodontitis and healthy periodontal group but showed a statistically significant difference between chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontal group. Thus, an increase in mast cells in human periodontal diseases suggests that these cells are crucial for developing chronic periodontitis.Mast cells are mobile secretory cells with a variety of biological tasks such as phagocytosis, processing of antigens, cytokine production, and the release of both newly formed and preexisting physiological mediators. This study aimed to investigate and establish the relationship between mast cells and various stages of periodontal diseases. A total of 36 soft tissue samples, 12 each of normal healthy periodontal, dental plaque periodontitis, and chronic periodontitis were selected. Samples were collected from patients with periodontal surgery in chronic periodontitis and plaque periodontitis. Samples were stained with 1% toluidine blue (TB), immunohistochemistry for CD117 expression, and observed under a light microscope for the presence of mast cells. All data were analyzed using SPSS. The mast cells were found to be highest in the chronic periodontitis group, followed by the dental plaque periodontitis group, as compared to the healthy periodontal group. The quantitative study of mast cells using TB staining showed statistically significant differences among the three groups. However, the results showed no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of CD117 in the plaque periodontitis and healthy periodontal group but showed a statistically significant difference between chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontal group. Thus, an increase in mast cells in human periodontal diseases suggests that these cells are crucial for developing chronic periodontitis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Thus, an increase in mast cells in human periodontal diseases(Table-1) suggests that these cells are crucial for developing chronic periodontitis.Mast cells are mobile secretory cells with a variety of biological tasks such as phagocytosis, processing of antigens, cytokine production, and the release of both newly formed and preexisting physiological mediators. This study aimed to investigate and establish the relationship between mast cells and various stages of periodontal diseases. A total of 36 soft tissue samples, 12 each of normal healthy periodontal, dental plaque periodontitis, and chronic periodontitis were selected. Samples were collected from patients with periodontal surgery in chronic periodontitis and plaque periodontitis. Samples were stained with 1% toluidine blue (TB), immunohistochemistry for CD117 expression, and observed under a light microscope for the presence of mast cells. All data were analyzed using SPSS. The mast cells were found to be highest in the chronic periodontitis group, followed by the dental plaque periodontitis group, as compared to the healthy periodontal group. The quantitative study of mast cells using TB staining showed statistically significant differences among the three groups. However, the results showed no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of CD117 in the plaque periodontitis and healthy periodontal group but showed a statistically significant difference between chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontal group. Thus, an increase in mast cells in human periodontal diseases suggests that these cells are crucial for developing chronic periodontitis.Mast cells are mobile secretory cells with a variety of biological tasks such as phagocytosis, processing of antigens, cytokine production, and the release of both newly formed and preexisting physiological mediators. This study aimed to investigate and establish the relationship between mast cells and various stages of periodontal diseases. A total of 36 soft tissue samples, 12 each of normal healthy periodontal, dental plaque periodontitis, and chronic periodontitis were selected. Samples were collected from patients with periodontal surgery in chronic periodontitis and plaque periodontitis. Samples were stained with 1% toluidine blue (TB), immunohistochemistry for CD117 expression, and observed under a light microscope for the presence of mast cells. All data were analyzed using SPSS. The mast cells were found to be highest in the chronic periodontitis group, followed by the dental plaque periodontitis group, as compared to the healthy periodontal group. The quantitative study of mast cells using TB staining showed statistically significant differences among the three groups. However, the results showed no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of CD117 in the plaque periodontitis and healthy periodontal group but showed a statistically significant difference between chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontal group. Thus, an increase in mast cells in human periodontal diseases suggests that these cells are crucial for developing chronic periodontitis.Thus, an increase in mast cells in human periodontal diseases suggests that these cells are crucial for developing chronic periodontitis.Mast cells are mobile secretory cells with a variety of biological tasks such as phagocytosis, processing of antigens, cytokine production, and the release of both newly formed and preexisting physiological mediators. This study aimed to investigate and establish the relationship between mast cells and various stages of periodontal diseases. A total of 36 soft tissue samples, 12 each of normal healthy periodontal, dental plaque periodontitis, and chronic periodontitis were selected. Samples were collected from patients with periodontal surgery in chronic periodontitis and plaque periodontitis. Samples were stained with 1% toluidine blue (TB), immunohistochemistry for CD117 expression, and observed under a light microscope for the presence of mast cells. All data were analyzed using SPSS. The mast cells were found to be highest in the chronic periodontitis group, followed by the dental plaque periodontitis group, as compared to the healthy periodontal group. The quantitative study of mast cells using TB staining showed statistically significant differences among the three groups. However, the results showed no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of CD117 in the plaque periodontitis and healthy periodontal group but showed a statistically significant difference between chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontal group. Thus, an increase in mast cells in human periodontal diseases suggests that these cells are crucial for developing chronic periodontitis.Mast cells are mobile secretory cells with a variety of biological tasks such as phagocytosis, processing of antigens, cytokine production, and the release of both newly formed and preexisting physiological mediators. This study aimed to investigate and establish the relationship between mast cells and various stages of periodontal diseases. A total of 36 soft tissue samples, 12 each of normal healthy periodontal, dental plaque periodontitis, and chronic periodontitis were selected. Samples were collected from patients with periodontal surgery in chronic periodontitis and plaque periodontitis. Samples were stained with 1% toluidine blue (TB), immunohistochemistry for CD117 expression, and observed under a light microscope for the presence of mast cells. All data were analyzed using SPSS. The mast cells were found to be highest in the chronic periodontitis group, followed by the dental plaque periodontitis group, as compared to the healthy periodontal group. The quantitative study of mast cells using TB staining showed statistically significant differences among the three groups. However, the results showed no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of CD117 in the plaque periodontitis and healthy periodontal group but showed a statistically significant difference between chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontal group. Thus, an increase in mast cells in human periodontal diseases suggests that these cells are crucial for developing chronic periodontitis.

References

[1] Ray RR. Periodontitis: An oral disease with severe consequences. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology. 2023;195:17-32.
[2] Eltas A, Uslu MÖ. Evaluation of oral health-related quality-of-life in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 2013;71:547-52.
[3] Lazar V, Ditu L-M, et al. Impact of dental plaque biofilms in periodontal disease: Management and future therapy. Periodontitis: A Useful Reference; Arjunan, P, Ed; InTech Open: London, UK. 2017:11-42.

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MATERIALS AND METHODS

1. Ray RR. Periodontitis: An oral disease with severe consequences. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology. 2023;195:17-32.
2. Eltas A, Uslu MÖ. Evaluation of oral health-related quality-of-life in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 2013;71:547-52.
3. Lazar V, Ditu L-M, et al. Impact of dental plaque biofilms in periodontal disease: Management and future therapy. Periodontitis: A Useful Reference; Arjunan, P, Ed; InTech Open: London, UK. 2017:11-42.